ArchWiki says that the 2022 X1 Carbon 10th gen has full WWAN and fingerprint reader support, the only thing not supported is the optional advanced webcam which should be easy to avoid. It also says that Thunderbolt eGPU is generally well-supported.
I have the recent Thinkpad T14s G3 and I can confirm USB4/Thunderbolt works properly, but I don’t have an eGPU.