When externalities in beef production in the US get internalized into the cost to consumers, meat will become unaffordable, the whole industry would collapse. Likely a good thing.
Consider subsidies to oil exploration, oil production, oil transportation, corn, corn processing, and tax cuts to all of these.
I've heard that back in the day when rivers where polluted as hell, there was this simple idea that made it into policy: an industry must draw water downstream from where they dump their liquid waste. If they wanted clean water, they had to filter it before releasing it back into the river.
Could a simple rule like this be enforced: if an industry is to dump anything into the atmosphere, they must intake any air consumed from that same spot.
Applying this to ICE cars would stall the engine. When applied to the cabin, it would kill the passengers. Diluting it into the air only postpones the problem. This "externality" has come due and it's expensive. Best to cut losses and stop pouring exhaust fumes into the air.
Meanwhile in coastal Southern California: it’s 17C and tonight the restaurants have their outdoor gas-burning heating on. For lulz, or is it just naïveté, or foolishness, or recklessness? On the other side of the mountains they reached 35C and the rest of the state is under a heatwave. “I can’t even.”
(And some have flames inside narrow vertical tubes, again for the fun of it. As if the CO2 emergency was something happening elsewhere.)