I have made the decision to abandon the pursuit of reproducible builds for #FDroid.
Despite efforts since late April, the CI build consistently fails.
I removed the feature, and now CI builds fine.
The app will be on the #FDroid store hopefully in a matter of days.
If anyone has any experience with Reproducible Builds for #FDroid, any assistance within the next few days is appreciated (before the app is actually on the store).
Thank you.