phonner,
@phonner@mathstodon.xyz avatar

Inspired by my brilliant student (https://mathstodon.xyz/deck/@phonner/112419322877058443) I've been playing around with (e)-like sums. Here's a fascinating one!

[ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} {\frac{n^4}{n!}}=15e ]
This is strange enough to provoke wonder, but simple enough to serve as an entry-point to an interesting generalization.

paulmasson,
@paulmasson@mathstodon.xyz avatar

@phonner if the 4 is replaced by an arbitrary integer the coefficient of “e” appears to be a Bell number:

https://oeis.org/A000110

johncarlosbaez, (edited )
@johncarlosbaez@mathstodon.xyz avatar

@paulmasson @phonner - as you probably know, Dobiński's formula says

[ \displaystyle{ \frac{1}{e} \sum_{k = 0}^\infty \frac{k^n}{k!} = B_n } ]

where (B_n) is the nth Bell number. Dobiński published a paper about it in 1877, but it seems that he only proved some special cases. Here I give a combinatorial proof following Gian-Carlo Rota:

https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/permutations/permutations_8.html

phonner,
@phonner@mathstodon.xyz avatar

@johncarlosbaez @paulmasson I noticed the connection to Bell's numbers and partitions, but have never heard of Dobiński's formula. Thanks!

svat,
@svat@mathstodon.xyz avatar

@phonner @johncarlosbaez @paulmasson The “symbolic method” (as in the lovely "Analytic Combinatorics" book by Flajolet and Sedgewick) gives a slick (after you buy into it, i.e. the background) proof of Dobiński's formula. I wrote a quick post about it here a while ago; don't know how understandable it is: https://shreevatsa.net/post/permutations-dobinski/

johncarlosbaez,
@johncarlosbaez@mathstodon.xyz avatar

@svat @phonner @paulmasson - I expand on that proof of Dobiński's formula using Stirling numbers here:

https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/permutations/permutations_8.html

and I just gave another proof here on Mathstodon, using a lot of LaTeX:

https://mathstodon.xyz/@johncarlosbaez/112427042889044371

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