AfaIk, when you rent a car in Iceland, you are told on which kinds of road you are allowed to drive, i.e. where driving the car is covered by the insurance and where it is not.
No, it isn’t. The Toyota Land Cruiser and Land Rover Defender series of vehicles are permanent four wheel drive, and are advertised as four wheel drive.
Not quite. AWD has a transfer case with an open differential, so that the back wheel and the front wheels can turn a different speeds. Some vehicles can actually switch between RWD and AWD.
4x4 has a transfer case with a locked differential, so that you get more traction. But this should only be used on loose surfaces because on solid roads you can damage the transfer case leaving it in 4x4. Some vehicles have a "part-time" 4x4 that switches the transfer case to unlock the differential, giving you AWD that won't damage the transfer case.
It’s not. They mean different things, and the terms are not really all that standard since there are many different types and everyone does things a bit differently.
In general, AWD is generally always on, 4WD often has other modes too (like 4 low, etc)… But the mechanics of how they’re setup and how they actually go about distributing power are very different and complicated whereas even when running, they aren’t really doing the same thing.
Huh. I thought 4WD meant that you drive with either two wheels or four doing the traction, and it’s a setting you turn on and off manually, while AWD turns each of the four wheels independently, which also allows for just one or three wheels turning, and it’s an automatic process.
Not… Really. It’s actually much more complicated but we’d need to compare specific vehicles to explain the differences really.
4WD does tend to have on/off and different modes while AWD usually doesn’t, so that part is kind of true?
But AWD doesn’t drive “every wheel independently”. They do usually try to turn all 4 wheels, but then a set of diffs and clutches will essentially “disconnect” the wheels that aren’t gripping, but it’s not like it’s literally independently driving each wheel…but I guess you could say it’s individually disconnecting each wheel? But that’s not really the same.
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