Pecos Pueblo's recorded history began around 800 AD when early inhabitants of the Rio Grande Valley moved into the upper Pecos Valley. They established 14 small hamlets by 1100 AD, extending 40 miles down the river. Something happened in the 14th century to compel the villages to consolidate at Pecos Pueblo, dramatically increasing the population. Pecos Pueblo became a frontier trading hub and fortress by 1450, home to more than 2000 people.
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