I think this defeats the purpose of (down)voting. Voting's a quick and approachable way of interacting with a post by design. By tying it to the reputation of an account, it introduces a lot of additional complexities to the voting system. Alongside "this is a post that I think should (not) get more reach," we now also have to consider "is this a post that I want to be seen with?", which is a point that can affect some people more than others, including people of marginalized demographics. It adds reason to editorialize and a compulsion justify our votes to the public, which I think -- in combination with other nuances that potentially may surround the voter, the post, and/or the poster at hand -- can make votes a lot less honest. Even if not, potentially opening up a can of worms to the internet, and potentially real life, for clicking a button, makes voting and interacting with posts less desirable, in my opinion. And what's the point of social networking if not interaction?
I do like the idea of adding accountability for the feedback that we provide on posts, just not at the cost of anonymity. I would love to see something like the labeling system from Tildes. I think it makes voting more thoughtful without making it less approachable.