Theoretical analysis of #MachineLearning decision making. #Fairness viewed as #SocialWelfare should also take into account the alternative decision (called #counterfactual outcomes). This paper proposes a framework which models two kinds of actors: (1) a "principal" who is the central organisation; (2) a set of "agents" who provides the service under consideration. The social welfare goal is to design reward functions with high utility for the principal.
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