anthropy, (edited )
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

Alright since this is getting a lot of debate and is actually asked on some official tests:

Which form of electricity is more dangerous (assuming the same voltage/amps)?

VickForcella,
@VickForcella@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@anthropy DC is one voltage. AC is a sine voltage. 110 V DC is 110V. 110V AC is on average lower.

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@VickForcella deels eens, alhoewel de capacitance van je lichaam daar ook mee fuckt, maar als je het aan de NEN3140 vraagt is het antwoord vrij stom:

VickForcella,
@VickForcella@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@anthropy De NEN norm geeft daar natuurlijk geen antwoord op. Edoch "Het betreft hier spanningen van ten hoogste 1000 volt wisselspanning en 1500 volt gelijkspanning"dat suggereert DC is good en AC is bad. https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEN_3140 (vroeger had is al die normen in hardcopy in een map).

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@VickForcella een van de eerste vragen op het officiele NEN3140 VOP examen is "welke is gevaarlijker", en "beiden zijn gevaarlijk" was niet het juiste antwoord :P

En ik zou persoonlijk zeggen dat vanaf zo'n 400-600v je al meer dan genoeg spanning hebt om vlambogen te creeeren die echt een stuk gevaarlijker zijn (en langer doorgaan) dan bij AC (waar je een zero point hebt), maar onder de 200V dan heeft vooral je lichaam specifieke effecten waardoor het bijvoorbeeld lastig is los te laten.

VickForcella,
@VickForcella@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@anthropy Het gaat niet om voltage. Het gaat om de stroomsterkte. Alles boven de 20mA is slecht. Het draait bij die NEN norm niet om vlambogen maar om spiercontracties.
(als ik het zo goed begrepen heb) https://fliphtml5.com/xqdbr/nwnf/basic

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@VickForcella daarom zeg ik in de eerste post specifiek volt/amps, maar, het vlamboog gedrag etc is zeker wel voltage gebonden, gegeven dat je genoeg amps hebt (duh), is een hoger voltage altijd gevaarlijker.

Als het de nen3140 alleen om de spiercontracties gaat dan snap ik dus dat ze aan AC denken, maar wat gevaarlijk is, is afhankelijk van heel veel factoren. Als je op kurkdroog rubber zit bijvoorbeeld, gaat DC meestal weinig uitmaken, maar als je naast een DC vlamboog staat dan heb je pijn😂

VickForcella,
@VickForcella@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@anthropy Ik had het fout met m'n sinus. Lees hier en het antwoord op jouw vraag. https://de-opleider.nl/kb/gelijkstroom-versus-wisselstroom/

VickForcella,
@VickForcella@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@anthropy Ik heb gewerkt bij twee bedrijven waar de omgang met hoogspanning normaal was inclusief enge verhalen van het soort "we vonden z'n schoenen nog terug".

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@VickForcella ik realizeerde me trouwens niet dat de U-max van een 240v AC signaal nog veel hoger ligt dan, ik dacht dat we t over -120 tot +120 hadden met een totaal potentiaal van 240v, maar het is dus maar het gemiddelde van de sinus, dus 230v heeft een U-max van 325v

Pixdigit,
@Pixdigit@layer8.space avatar

@anthropy you can't really compare amps and volt with AC and DC. There are different definitions for what Watts are in AC. Also strongly depends on frequency.

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@Pixdigit as far as I know, the main difference is PowerFactor in AC, which is when the return power of some appliance (like an electric motor) is out of sync with the power supply frequency, negating the output basically. the amp + voltage is still a good indicator of base load, and if a human would be the 'load' in this circuit you're going to get some specific responses :P though frequency definitely affects the capacitance of a human I suppose? either way yea, my answer is also 'it depends'.

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

I'm immediately going to go ahead and say what I THINK: It depends on the voltages and they're both dangerous in their own ways.

AC is dangerous because it causes muscle jitter making it harder to let go, and messes with the capacitance of the human body- but it's harder to deliver a lethal current to vital organs (excluding cardiac arrhythmia)

DC is dangerous because it's more likely to deliver a lethal amount of current through vital organs at the same voltage- but is easier to let go of

rolenthedeep,
@rolenthedeep@rattodon.nexus avatar

@anthropy (IIRC) AC induces random spasms, but DC is more likely to cause you to clamp your hand down on the thing.

HVDC discharges are much more dangerous. Arcs do not self extinguish, and you can get higher instantaneous discharges that vaporize anything in the circuit path, metal and meat alike.

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@rolenthedeep Yea someone else said the same thing and I agree; DC is far scarier at 300-600v+, but AC starts to mess with how your body works at much lower voltages

https://mastodon.derg.nz/deck/@anthropy/111641921810088553

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar
VickForcella,
@VickForcella@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@anthropy DC causes fires more easily when it's shorted. For humans in direct contact? Just avoid both.

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

Really interesting find: I didn't realize that when someone talks about e.g 230V AC and 230V DC, the AC signal's sinewave actually peaks out at a whopping 325V, because 230V AC means the average of the sinus above neutral is 230V.

I always thought 230V AC meant +115V to -115V equating to a 230V potential difference, but not only is the potential difference measured to ground rather than the high/low of the sinewave, we actually only measure the 'majority' of the sinewave, not the peaks/lows.

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

This means that 230V DC has a potential difference of.. 230V.

But 230V AC has a peak potential difference of not just 460V (effective voltage min to max) but 650V (u-max to u-min).

So at the same EFFECTIVE voltage (given enough amps of course), AC can be far more dangerous than DC, and I suppose even have a higher tendency to arc if we're talking about that much more potential difference, even despite the zero point that you have with AC?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current#Mathematics_of_AC_voltages

rolenthedeep,
@rolenthedeep@rattodon.nexus avatar

@anthropy arcing is mainly driven by voltage, but the zero crossing causes AC arcs to self-quench.

The area under the curve is the amount of energy delivered. A sinusoid of similar magnitude delivers something like sqrt(2) as much energy as a DC signal. I think, I might be wrong though.

A DC arc is fantastically more dangerous. You get full current across the arc, which can be a horrifying amount of energy dumped into incandescent plasma.

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@rolenthedeep I guess since plasma has a negative resistance and a some capacitance that makes sense, AC will basically cause 'reactive load' on the plasma, causing it to self-quench. But if we're talking about a peak potential difference of 2-3x that of DC at the same 'effective voltage', I can also imagine that it can bridge larger initial gaps and cause perhaps on milisecond scale stronger plasma, but since DC keeps going in one direction it'll quickly win after those first milliseconds

rolenthedeep,
@rolenthedeep@rattodon.nexus avatar

@anthropy yup. Look up power grid substation interconnect switches. It's crazy what it takes to safely disconnect kilovolts of AC at megawatt levels.

anthropy,
@anthropy@mastodon.derg.nz avatar

@rolenthedeep yea we have a few of those at work actually, high speed ones that operate inside a chamber that has some gas that inhibits the flying electron flow, we receive ~220kv on the campus border and then send ~22kv to each building to be further ramped down to ~480v

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