You can use xlsclients -l to detect apps using XWayland.
Some may even want to run apps through XWayland on purpose, like KeepassXC for Clipboard access or autotype. Lets see how long it takes to implement all the needed protocols.
I got a bunch of DVDs my local library was getting rid of and there are a few very obscure ones that I would like to archive. However I am unsure how to get the data from the DVD into a shareable format what’s the easiest way to do this? Thanks!
Use MakeMKV. It is really good. It will give you files to work with, and automatically extract all good ones.
Then use Handbrake. You may also directly use handbrake, I dont know I used a total Potato (intel core duo) for the first step, no chance for encoding.
I literally just did that. DVDs have pretty uncompressed video, like an old movie is 8GB or bigger.
Have a look at the back cover of the DVD, mine had “PAL” written on it.
Recommended settings if you only want to use it with VLC or MPV, not strange media players.
container: use mkv. It is free, works very well and has a funny name.
video: AV1 (it is completely free and really good for the future. For better support use h264, but it is not as good)
resolution: 570p or something, PAL
compression rate: 25
FPS: 22 or something, PAL
audio: AAC or opus, AAC is the default
bitrate 128kb/s for crappy movies, 160kb/s and up for music. But using more than the original DVD has makes no sense.
make sure to add all tracks
subtitles: also make sure to add all of them
Save these settings as custom preset “PAL DVDs”
Then run it. If you have multiple files from makemkv, you can “open directory” in handbrake, and then under “queue” “add multiple ones to queue” and select all of them. Make sure to have the preset chosen, and run.
I literally encoded all my DVDs with 720p, artificially increasing the size. I am not redoing everything, my laptop is heating for 50h or so. Working well but damn that takes time.
If the videos have grain, you may want to apply a grain filter. Grain is hard to compress, as it is random noise all over the place.
Like in JPG image compression, pictures are converted to areas of the same color, like this:
If you have grain, noise, in videos, the images cannot be compressed that well and the size can be double. So if it works well, use that to decrease the video size.
Jpeg, aac, opus, AV1 are all “lossy” so they will remove information that cannot be gotten back. Unlike zip for example, or jpeg-xl (JXL) for images, or FLAC for Audio.
But encoding something that is lossy, in a lossless format, makes no sense.
You can increase the size of a lossy encoded video, by re-encoding with better presets. Without adding any real information.
So test the presets first, and if you are unhappy, run them again but on the original files.
With the correct settings I got a 6GB movie down to 600MB or less, without notable data loss.
But since apparently PulseAudio is the GNome / Microsoft approved way
I think I understand your point.
Pulseaudio is outdated, Pipewire AND Pulseaudio are now needed. Maybe also just Pipewire, and you can somehow fake Pulseaudio?
I never used a system without Pulseaudio, and Fedora has both (?) Or just Pipewire.
Pulseaudio is the old stuff that apps want to use, pipewire is the new cool stuff (I recommend qpwgraph) which allows like everything.
Aaand it is not overcomplicated, it isolated apps and introduces a permission system. Privileged programs that channel the requests and permissions, and sometimes need user interaction. Its actually less chaotic, the problem simply is that Flatpak ALSO tries to run all apps everywhere. And apps are mostly not up to date, so Flatpaks have randomly poked holes everywhere.
Today I worked on hardening configs for my apps. I maintain a list of recommended ones here. I will just put my overrides in my (currently still private) dotfiles, will upload them some day.
I am for example now Wayland only. Not all apps want to, but with the correct env vars (which I just globally set for all flatpaks, hoping it will not mess with anything), all apps use it.
This makes the system way faster, and applying different vars on the apps is very easy with Flatpak.
Literally no downsides!
Not true. It still has no updating mechanism, the binary may be official, but the rest are random libraries that may not be well versioned or controlled, etc etc.
The post is specifically about upstream supported Appimages, while Flathub is mainly maintained by the same 4 peolple (it is crazy). The request is for upstream devs to maintain Flatpaks.
But for sure not everything is nice. Runtimes are too huge, outdated apps cause huge library garbage, downloads are inefficient, …
Yes I know, and I want to try DivestOS one time. But they do incomplete patches.
They cannot update the kernel themselves or even worse the firmware. The kernel needs to be built and patched for the specific hardware, GrapheneOS relies completely on Google here. And the firmware needs to be signed by the vendors, so no chance either.
And especially baseband, cellular stuff has extremely many vulnerabilities in the code.
Not sure if VPN eliminates all risks with 2G and 3G, maybe it does.
Sandboxing, javascript
Vanadium has sandboxing but its javascript blocking is useless (no granular control)
Mull has no process isolation at all, but support for UBO and Noscript. Bad situation
it’s a walk in the park for it to modify any of the partitions
These cannot be written without TPM verification or stuff, ask GrapheneOS devs about that, I dont know. The firmware signing is required, the verification will not be done inside the OS, that would be totally flawed.
If they have the firmware signing keys, they can fuck you. If they dont, they can only write to the system partition, and Attestation can see that.
Reading data has nothing to do with that. They likely can, but that doesnt matter.
My 6 years old phone still receives LOS updates
This will not include firmware and likely even the kernel.
Not sure but GrapheneOS has an “LTE only” mode, stock Android only has preferred Network afaik.
visiting only known websites is not a scaleable option, a browser needs to be secure. Kiwix is the browser that basically runs desktop Chromium on Android, so it has Addon support. But that is also soon manifest v3 restricted, and likely pretty insecure.
of course the user data partition is not checked, but every other important one. I have not tested what would happen when it is modified though.
I dont know what magisk did, but I think that is only about Google Play adding their “safety” scanning to the OS. Nothing regarding boot. But yes, likely there could, can or should be OS components scanning things too.
Googles stuff is pretty insecure, for example the latest SafetyNetFix simply disabled hardware cryptography, as they still support insecure phones.
For sure this is very complex and there are always vulnerabilities found in Android and GrapheneOS.
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I am pretty happy with GrapheneOS. Things like separate toggles for internet, or long powerbutton press foe torch are missing.
But you cannot imagine how much effort it is to maintain such a project, and their base is stable, the updates are damn fast.
First stability and security, then features.
Their core OS is minimal on purpose. I use the phone, vanadium (hardened chromium, with JIT toggle, now with adblock, completely degoogled), their attestation app, etc.
Most of the other stuff are random FOSS projects, I dont even use sandboxed play, but if I wanted to I could create a separate user profile and install it just in there.
DivestOS is doing sandboxed microG which is way more secure than unsandboxed, but still tons of effort and will break a lot.
Good that only you do this, as a whole company setup is complex
Pop_OS is currently not that well maintained afaik, their GNOME desktop is quite outdated.
Just using their OS for the hybrid graphics support is a valid point, but should not be the only one.
Having a well managed OS is crucial, but I disagree that Ubuntu base is the best here.
For stability, a centrally managed Fedora Atomic would be better I think. Way more stable, image-based, all peolple would have exactly what they need.
You could build images locally and take care of the exact updates like that. Or you just share specific configs for each role, like preinstalling different software.
But having things like specific policies, any files, hardening etc. is totally possible during image creation.
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How do I extract a movie from a DVD?
I got a bunch of DVDs my local library was getting rid of and there are a few very obscure ones that I would like to archive. However I am unsure how to get the data from the DVD into a shareable format what’s the easiest way to do this? Thanks!
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Like it or not, email is a critical part of our digital lives. It’s how we sign up for accounts, get notifications, and communicate with a wide range of entities online. Critics of email rightfully point out that email suffers from a significant number of flaws that make it less than ideal, but that doesn’t change the...
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