How do you guys self host?

I've been doing small hosting off and on for a while. Mainly for accessing files at home and the occasional Minecraft server. Not smart, as I've never used a specialized router. I used to use ddwrt, but now it's impossible to flash most consumer grade routers.

id like to learn more stuff about cyber security, host other stuff, maybe host a website, but I'm just a guy who lives in an apartment. I'm stuck with 1 Internet service that claims it will terminate my service if they find me to be hosting anything. They must be semi-lax with that rule, because i haven't gotten terminated for using ssh and cockpit.

Do you guys own a house, or are just fortunate enough to have access to an ISP that will let you host your own stuff?

styx,

I have a yearly vps subscription with 16GB ram, 160 GB ssd and 8 cores, including 5TB network limit. It is some Lithuanian company (time4vps). I don't have a static ip at home, and if I want to get one I have to pay pretty much the same amount, so why bother?

It has Debian 11, and ufw as the only security measure, together with Caddy as reverse proxying everything so only a handful of ports are open (80,8080, 443, and one for syncthing and one for dot).

I have the following services running:

  • Nextcloud (for office tools, calendar, to do, boards)
  • firefly iii for self accounting
  • technitium dns server for doh and dot with blocking
  • grafana, prometheus and node exporter foe monitoring
  • libreddit for, well, you know
  • searcxng
  • trilium for private knowledge base
  • tailscale for tunneling and VPN
  • syncthing for file syncing and password sync together with keepassxc
  • my personal page, auto updating with github actions over sftp.

I have partially documented most of my work in my blog, so you can take a look if you wish https://mustafacanyucel.com/#blog .

randomguy2323,

Your blog looks nice , how did you made it?

styx,

Thank you. It is only css and html, but since my creative skills are no better than a potato’s, I am using a designer-made template for css 😅.

bezerker03,

I have a house with a basement and a fiber connection I run my stuff in. I also have a pair of vps I use for things from racknerd that were black Friday deals (160 a year for 8 core 12 gb ram)

carroarmato0, (edited )

You can use things like Tailscale or Cloudflare Tunnel for hosting things inside your home network. I’d use Tailscale if only you or a couple of people need access to your internal network and services, or Cloudflare Tunnel if you want to expose your self-hosted services to the outside world.

I personally have the luxury to have 2 internet connections available to me. I live in an apartment where ISP connection A is shared among the residents (they all have their own router connected, so using double-nat, which is not great but it works), and I managed to negotiate with the landlord that I could use a dedicated fiber connection since it does not disrupt the rest of the residents, and my work pays that bill. It’s small virtual ISP, so I was also able to request a static public IP.

For my network at home, I’m using a Unifi stack: UDM-Pro and USW-Pro. For running services on my network, I have a server running Unraid where I mostly host services in containers of which I expect a lot of data to be stored on. Rest of my services I run on 6 thinclient grade hardware ( 4 Lenovo ThinkCenter M73 Tiny, 1 HP ProDesk 600 G3 and 1 Shuttle XH61V) using Nomad for the container clustering, docker as the runtime engine, and Consul for service discovery.

My router port-forwards a select number of ports (80 and 443 among things) to my reverse proxy (Traefik) which then routes the connections to the correct services based on the URL and other rules.

But, if your ISP is being difficult… renting a VPS these days is a viable option.

zaggynl,

My own house, internet line with ISP that is cool with selfhosting, Proxmox/TrueNAS, Opnsense/OpenWRT for network equipment, server hardware is asrock server board in one server, hp microserver gen8 for storage, https://zaggy.nl

If I didn't have the first 2 I would probably use a VPS.

tinysalamander,

Dumb question; how do you know if your ISP is "cool" with self hosting?

I'm about to switch providers when I move for better upload/download speeds but hopefully they're cool with hosting...

zaggynl,

When in doubt: give them a call, their T&S should also give some clarity.

I picked mine as is an idealistic ISP.

xaxl,

Honestly I don't recommend hosting your own public facing stuff yourself at all these days. Keep it all internal and if you have websites or other stuff you need to have publicly facing then put it on a cheap hosting service applicable for what you're doing.

Security of public facing services is very difficult for most people to get right especially on an ongoing basis. Better that your backed up VPS gets hacked then something on your personal home network.

clavismil,

Not sure if I understand, are you behind CGNAT? do you want the service to be publicly accessible? If you can't do port forwarding, tailscale can help to access remotely.

Currently I use a normal desktop pc with proxmox and a few drives there to spin up some VMs and LXC. For the service I use podman. Works great.

Hope you have fun in this journey.

TrinityTek,

My self hosted setups have evolved over the years. I started out with a Raspberry Pi hosting a Drupal site flying under my ISPs radar with a dynamic IP address I had to adjust my DNS settings to point to pretty frequently. In time I had 3 Pis running hosting websites. Then I learned about apache virtual hosts and put all the sites on one Pi. These days I use a ODroid H3+ to host a Nextcloud instance. It sits on the back of my desk collecting dust. Glamour pic for reference. I have it propped up on some junk for better cooling. I love it for it's low power consumption and relatively good performance for a single board computer.

https://lemmy.world/pictrs/image/23317fac-f2fa-471b-a8e0-d46ad66c9f30.jpeg

ruud,
@ruud@lemmy.world avatar

You can get cloud servers for only 5 EUR/month now which you can host basic stuff

or4n,

Home

Firewall / OpenBSD running on APU2

  • Wireguard (only thing open to the public)
  • IPSec site-to-site to Oracle cloud (only open for Oracle VPN GW IP)
  • NSD for authoritative DNS
  • Unbound for DNS filtering (unbound adblock script)
  • script that updates my public IP to DNS provider should it change

Containers / Debian running on Asus PN62

  • Portainer for controlling local Docker as well as one in the Oracle Cloud
  • certbot with DNS auth to get certificate for local services, this way I don't need to open anything to the Internet
  • Traefik as reverse proxy configured via labels

Cloud

Cloudflare

  • This is in front of public services
  • Public DNS

Oracle Cloud

  • Free tier server (4x vCPU, 24GB RAM) with Docker, Traefik, Portainer agent
  • IPSec from home so I can control Docker on my cloud server

Azure

  • Azure blob storage for backups (Restic)

Everything is separated as much as I can. All stacks are on separate networks with strict firewall rules (iptables) on host to control which container can talk to others. For example Traefik can talk to Gitea but not vice versa. Everything on physical network is separated by VLANs.

MeowdyPardner,
MeowdyPardner avatar

I went all out for a bit with a server rack with a 12 bay hot swap Dell server and a separate application server with a bunch of VMs all hooked up to a fiber connection with no blocked ports, but I just downsized to a 6 bay synology and intel nuc10-i7 since I'll be moving and losing the fiber connection and basement space.

Now I just run most of my docker containers on the synology using the official docker plugin which provides native support for docker compose, with the exception of plex/jellyfin, which run on the nuc that has quicksync for low power transcoding. For internet connection I set up a digitalocean droplet with wireguard and haproxy which reverse proxies port 80, 443, and 22 to the nuc or synology over the wireguard tunnel depending on the subdomain, and the WG connection goes out from the nuc & synology to the vps so I don't need any forwarded ports - hopefully when I move it should just reconnect automatically in the new place without any setup. Kinda like a road warrior homelab that just needs an internet connection.

iNeedScissors67,
iNeedScissors67 avatar

I have an ASUSTOR NAS with 16tb storage that runs my Plex server. It's hardwired to my old gaming rig (2070 GPU / i79700k CPU) which handles the transcoding. I never took the time to set up Sonarr/Radarr so I just manually manage the torrents from there when I add stuff. I own my house if that matters and I have AT&T Fiber, 1000 up/ 1000 down.

SocialDoki,

My ISP used to block ports and have pretty strict anti hosting rules, but I moved to a place with more lax rules on hosting and set up a few things. When I moved back, I kept things exactly as I had them. They must have eased their rules because everything has worked and I've been back for 3 years now and they haven't dinged me.

FermatsLastAccount,

I live in an apartment and used to run everything off of an Optiplex, never had any issues with my ISP.

I ended up switching to Oracle's Free Tier. They offer 4 ARM cores with 24 GB of RAM and 200 GB SSD for free.

world_hopper,

I have a salvaged desktop in a closet which I use for:

  • pihole (adblock and local dns)
  • unbound for upstream dns (no more 8.8.8.8 dns for me)
  • VPN to access my home network and for some security on public wifi
  • NAS (only via sshfs, want to try nextcloud) where data is stored on a software raid array
  • a couple SQL databases for a hobby project

Since I have ports exposed (I know), I have it configured for no root login, some default ports are set to non default ports, and I have fail2ban installed.

I'm pretty proud of my setup and it's made my life and work flow pretty awesome and simplified, especially with the WFH/hybrid stuff.

I want to try nextcloud so I can consolidate my calendar(s?), and get rid of trello as a service, in addition to serving my NAS files. But i want to test drive it first and I dont have a system to do that properly at the moment.

xaxl,

An alternative to Pihole is Adguard and so far the latter has been a lot better for me personally.

world_hopper,

I'll check it out! Appreciate the suggestion

cichy1173,

I host Nextcloud and it is huge life saving tool. I use it for backuping photos, hosting calendars, tasks, contacts and RSS. I use Nextcloud Deck as Trello replacement. Nextcloud can also replace Google Docs.

world_hopper,

I originally thought it was overkill for me, who just needed to access files, until I read about deck, calendar, and chat. Now I'm ultra sold. I'm tired of slack, trello, email, calendar all being in different places.

world_hopper,

Also, you don't need a crazy router to get started. Mine is a crappy $100 router. Most will have port forwarding if you need to expose ports, or ddns if you want a domain name. There are some things you'd want a slightly more powerful router for (like maybe a media server serving most of your house). But you can always upgrade your router.

aeternum,

I have a desktop computer (more powerful than my actual desktop computer tbh). I run libremdb, teddit, proxitok, jellyfin, radarr, sonarr, prowlarr, kavita, and maybe some other stuff that I'm forgetting.

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