This video is probably the best summarization of the various Jewish denominations/branches, the history of Judaism, including the various geographic changes that lead to changes, belief structures, understanding of Judaism as different from Christianity, differences on observance, and more.
It's such a great explainer video, I highly recommend it!
A painful but important read by someone who lives in Israel and who works for the Israel Religious Action Center - IRAC, the advocacy arm for the Reform movement of Judaism in Israel.
Here are two excerpts that are especially important:
I’m angry at Hamas for undercutting the struggle for Palestinian rights and lending credence to the caricatures of Palestinians as bloodthirsty savages who just want to kill Jews, which is far from the truth. This will not only cost Palestinian lives in the immediate, but it will also set back their pursuit of justice and dignity by decades. They have alienated hard-won support in the international community. And they have made it harder to stand for their recognition, rights, and justice.