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Spanish neuroscientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal was born in 1852.

His most significant contribution to science was his work on the structure of the nervous system. Through meticulous microscopic observations, he proposed that the nervous system is made up of "neurons". His drawings highlighted the complex arborizations of these cells, effectively mapping various parts of the brain & spinal cord, demonstrating the directional flow of nerve impulses in neurons.

Three drawings by Santiago Ramon y Cajal, taken from the book "Comparative study of the sensory areas of the human cortex", pages 314, 361, and 363. Left: Nissl-stained visual cortex of a human adult. Middle: Nissl-stained motor cortex of a human adult. Right: Golgi-stained cortex of a 1 1/2 month old infant. Related images Micrograph of the visual cortex.

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