The most important group of #ambassadors to Madrid were the French ambassador, the Imperial ambassador to the Empire, the nuncio, and the Venetian ambassador.
Madrid did not have a diplomatic district. Diplomatic #envoys did enjoy immunity in the #embassy, with the king himself offering them lodgings for rent upon their arrival. Nevertheless, the ambassadors complained of the difficulties in gaining an audience with the ruler.
Following the union of the Portuguese and Spanish crowns in 1580, a global dimension of Spanish #diplomacy was developed which enhanced the reputation of the Spanish kings. (5/n)
According to Cario-Ivernizzi Spanish historiography continues to suffer from a lack of discourse surrounding its cultural history in general and with literary studies in particular, this is also reflected in new diplomatic #history.
However, historians specialised in Spanish #diplomacy continue to take steps forward in the field, not only with regard to the exchange of gifts but also gradually incorporating the analytical category of gender.
The career paths of Spanish & Portguese #emdiplomats have gained more attention in research only recently.
By placing more of a focus on integrating the activities of both official ambassadors and informal agents into diplomatic studies in the future, we will be able to obtain a more complete understanding of Spanish and European diplomacy in the #earlymodern era. (6/6)
OG from the #archives! Two letters from 1890 by #Serbian consul Luka Marinković in Priština (#Kosovo Vilayet, #Ottoman Empire at the time) about the closure of Serbian schools in the province.
He argues that #French#diplomacy continuously changed over the centuries, which can be seen as a sign of modernisation.
While #emdiplomacy was originally regarded as part of a more general service to the king, it slowly developed into a more specialised field of activity. From this the need to a much more profecient education of #emdiplomats arose. (3/6)
However, these changes were not introduced against, but within the existing system, often by those in charge. Therefore, elements of a more professionalised system co-existed with patronage relations. Waquet argues that we should speak of “a gradual internal transformation rather than of a permanent conflict between old and new”. (4/6)
#emdiplomacy was a multilingual affair. An #emdiplomat who could speak several languages had a clear advantage - not the least because he could thereby show equal respect to different parties, as this example by @dbellingradt shows. (1/2)
Studying Italian #emdiplomacy is so rich of case studies that we could have several separate articles – and we indeed have a special article on papal diplomacy. (10/11)
Moreover, Italian #emdiplomacy allows us to study so many different things in a nutshell: the development of diplomatic practices and the merging of different traditions, the connection between #emdiplomacy and state building, the role and agency of political entities of different status and how they tried to maintain their position within the power struggle of the great European powers. (11/11)
„Qatar is reassessing its role as a mediator between Israel and Hamas, the country's prime minister has said.
Qatar has had a key role - along with Egypt and America - in trying to secure a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas and the release of Israeli hostages.“ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-68835645
A group of bipartisan U.S. lawmakers are advocating for a risky proposition to allow Taiwan to build American-designed weapons systems in order to clear a $19 billion backlog of hardware promised to the country. Supply chain issues and work shortages have plagued the deliveries of tanks, missiles, jets and drones to Taiwan while the nation looks to counter China’s surging influence in the region. Some experts say allowing Taiwan to build the systems could leave them vulnerable to intelligence leaks to China. Politico has more on the proposal.
Papal diplomats – legates as well as nuncios – differed from other secular diplomats, as it was their task to represent the Apostolic See on a spiritual and a secular level.
But just like other diplomats papal envoys’ main tasks were representing, negotiating and of course reporting – the many volumes of the reports of the nuncios are an impressive testimony to this.
Koller thereby not only explains the development of papal diplomacy and its legal aspects, but also takes a closer look on the careers, the assignments and the daily life of the papal diplomats. (5/6)
Koller concludes that papal #emdiplomacy displayed a high degree of systematic order and efficiency.
For understanding #emdiplomacy in general papal diplomacy is key, as it was so advanced and prominent in #earlymodern international relations. (6/6)