Because bacteria use the Cori cycle for anaerobic metabolism, discovered by Carl and Gerty Cori, in which lactic acid is produced as a byproduct. Fungi (well, specifically yeast) use a different metabolic pathway which produces carbon dioxide and ethanol as a byproduct. Cheese fermented using bacteria is unpalatably sour, while the ethanol produced by the fungus can be evaporated away in the cheesemaking process. And the carbon dioxide makes the holes.
The first lesson that a marginalized person should learn from being marginalized is to NEVER DO IT TO ANYONE ELSE. Sadly, in my life I've come across many who failed to learn that most fundamental lesson and instead repeat the cruelty against others at their whim.
Please, PLEASE do not boost comments embedded in a conversation that, on their own, are either misleading or incomprehensible in the absence of the conversation's context. Remember: YOU have read the entire conversation, but those who see only your boost have not.
If you see value in a comment nested in a conversation, BOOST THE ORIGINAL POST and allow readers to find that value themselves.
One need look no further than the simple existence of the MAGA movement as evidence of a caste system in the United States, one that may favor the exploitation of race but doesn't shy away from exploiting any skin color that happens to fall within its crosshairs. Racism is merely one result of classism and caste, but not the only one.
Some people who believe themselves liberal need a refresher course in liberal values. It's not ethical to dehumanize anyone, not even your sworn mortal political enemies, no matter how much harm you believe they have caused. We deny convicted criminals some rights of personhood, but that is as far as it goes: not even they are considered deserving of being declared subhuman.
Anyone who does this is not living up to liberal values and taints everything liberalism tries to achieve.
Humans are ruining language. My granddaughter-in-law is compelled by devolution of the language to say "I'm dehydrated" when she's merely thirsty, because now "I'm thirsty" instead means "I'm horny" and of course "I need a drink" implies alcoholism.
What exactly did you manage to do to make your own chosen Mastodon instance think you're an existential threat and caution people to consider follow requests from you carefully and hide your profile context by default? I'm not seeing it....
Various nations and groups will decry the United States now sending cluster munitions to Ukraine, but the entire democratic world is culpable for this Machiavellian decision. Had the rest of the world acted promptly and decisively in sending Ukraine the other arms they needed, Ukraine would not be in the fragile state that it is now, which is what motivated the decision. We can't swallow watching Ukraine's counteroffensive fail. We all should have thought of that last year.
My wife found this one somewhere. This is why open-mindedness is the underpinning of the Scientific Method and people who lack it will never comprehend the Method. If the goal is the instant gratification of certainty and always being right, the Method will disappoint and the only recourse becomes self-delusion.
@VulcanTourist I understand the sentiment but I’d phrase it more as “it’s never about you being right or wrong.” In other words, once you’ve understood a thing (to the degree you’ve currently understood it) – and on subjects that affect the welfare of people, other living things, and the planet – ethics demands that you very much make a value judgement on whether it is a good or bad thing. We must ensure scientific detachment doesn’t become a justification for moral neutrality.
Being open-minded DOES NOT imply an unwillingness or inability to make judgements or discriminate (in the proper definition of that word). What it does imply is the ability and willingness to introspect, question those conclusions when it's relevant, as well as one's own motivations, etc.
Introspection is what that "question everything" cliche that fascists like to abuse really means. (Of course they don't.)
My choice of a Mastodon header no doubt creates questions for anyone happening to look at it, so perhaps I should answer them?
When I worked in IT, one job was software support for a developer (Quarterdeck). Within the department, we had certain shared communal duties; one of those was keeping the shared refrigerator clean and free of "abandonware".