philip_cardella,
@philip_cardella@historians.social avatar

So. I just submitted my final work of the term. And of the degree. Unless something weird happens, I have a graduate degree in history!!

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

Good luck, Philip!

What was your thesis about?

philip_cardella,
@philip_cardella@historians.social avatar

@HistoPol the history of Law Enforcement Officers Bills of Rights in Miami. Florida is one of their origin points.

HistoPol, (edited )
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

Inventive.

I recently took an "internet trip" down the bills of rights, , etc.
I realized that there is much more to it than is usually taught. It got too much, so I dropped it eventually.
(I think I was trying to track down the first bill that awarded the right to vote 🗳 in culture.)

philip_cardella,
@philip_cardella@historians.social avatar

@HistoPol for the cops they were furious about things like Miranda rights. They were victims of an unjust system that picked on them. LEOBORs were around at local levels but at that point civilian review boards were becoming popular--and that REALLY pissed them off.

The John Birch's biggest campaign was "support your local police" in response to CRBs. At the 1972 RNC on Miami Beach the police rioted and covered the island, an island full of old people in tear gas. People demanded CRBs.

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

#USpol #Legal #LawFedi

The Law Enforcement Officers' Bill of Rights (#LEBOR, #LEOBR, or #LEOBoR)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Officers%27_Bill_of_Rights

What is your opinion on this? "Critics say that the LEOBR makes it impossible to discipline or remove bad officers, such as after they have been convicted of felonies in the courts. Under LEOBR, officers are judged only by other officers. LEOBR prevents the formation of independent review boards that provide independent oversight over police actions."?

CarlG,
@CarlG@esq.social avatar

@HistoPol @philip_cardella It's ironic that even as police officers oppose increased accountability for the average citizen they investigate, they demand special treatment and greater protections for themselves.

And it's sad that politicians indulge them, creating barriers to holding bad apples accountable for their crimes, enabling lawlessness while claiming to be pro- law and order.

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@CarlG

(1/n)

Taken at face value, it is ironic, indeed.

However, ss rightly analyses in his podcast*, all US institutions were originally built as a . Unequal justice for different parts of society continue(d) to be the groundwork for the development of the Republic.

Whereas the was (arguably) able to eventually overcome the strongly discriminatory nature...

https://mastodon.social/@HistoPol/110128712544929842

@philip_cardella

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@CarlG @philip_cardella

(2/n)

...of the 2), which only applied to barrons and the clergy, the despite and all the Amendments was never able to really overcome systemic racism and plutocratic discrimination. In fact, ever since , the pendulum has been swinging in the opposite direction, so far culminating in the overturning of .

Alas, we are living in at least two...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta

HistoPol, (edited )
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@CarlG @philip_cardella

(3/n)

... simultaneously: and, more pertinent in this context, . Seen from this novel's perspective, aspiring to be the One Animal [that] Is more equal Than Others makes perfect sense. It even strongly appeals to the lowest human instincts.

I have long thought that doesn’t have any merit, except for anarchists waiting for the breakdown of civil society to loot shops, etc.

I have...

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@CarlG @philip_cardella

(4/n)

...recently begun to think that given the slaver and colonial origins of the police force in the US, it might become necessary to rebuild everything from the ground up. How? I wouldn't know.

Looking at the causes auf and the current police brutalities against students exercising their on public grounds (sometimes private--different story,) the system might be beyond repair indeed.

In essence, as in the...

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@CarlG @philip_cardella

(5/n)

..., elected officials of one of the 3 branches of government, deserves immunity while in office. Once their term ends, they must be accountable to the fullest extent of the law.
This is what really differentiates a democracy from (absolute) monarchy or Putinesque authoritarianism/tyranny.

Therefore, if there is serous cause that members of the government committed crimes, their immunity must be lifted by their...

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@CarlG @philip_cardella

#USHistory #Legal #FediLaw

(6/6)

...their peers or another branch of government. (Impeachment is clearly not working for the Presidential office, the chief reason being the undemocratic #filibuster.)

So, any any special Law Enforcement Officers' Bill of Rights (#LEBOR, #LEOBR, or #LEOBoR) for the police is undemocratic and should be ruled unconstitutional, including contractual means to circumvent this fact.
It's a manifestation of #AnimalFarm.

//

CarlG,
@CarlG@esq.social avatar

@HistoPol @philip_cardella I don't know about unconstitutional, but giving those in power immunity (Trump) or special treatment and privileges (police) certainly isn't required by the Constitution.

And it's eerily similar to the double standards enjoyed by the apparatchiks back in the Soviet Union.

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@CarlG

(1/2)

That's why I said, "...should be ruled unconstitutional,..." It might not be, given the fact that the complete institutional setup was meant to protect the WASP landed gentry.
How inadequate the system.of checks and balances has proven to be could be seen by the repeatedly failed attempts to hold rogue office holders to account: , , , , ,...the systemic failures even have a tendency to grow worse.

While the...
@philip_cardella

HistoPol, (edited )
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@CarlG @philip_cardella

(2/2)

...the anti-democratic, plutocratic bemoans the imaginary *, it successfully has been implementing a , a in tendency(!) similar to the post-feudal system in Europe.

https://mastodon.social/@HistoPol/110888931313470397

//

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@CarlG

(1/2)

"And it's eerily similar to the double standards enjoyed by the apparatchiks back in the Soviet Union."

Yes, absolutely.
And there is yet another similarity: the movement in with its came into existence b/c the landed gentry and industrialists were afraid of losing their property to the plebs, like their counterparts in the of 1918.

Seen from this perspective, is the...
@philip_cardella

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@CarlG @philip_cardella

...root of all evil.

On the other hand, it is clearly the greed of plutocrats, be it in the form of feudal lords, multinationals (, , ...-》 ) that has brought human society to the brink of extinction and caused mass-extinction for thousands of species that were intrusted to us, at least if you belong to any religion having originated in the Middle East.

//

philip_cardella,
@philip_cardella@historians.social avatar

@HistoPol regarding the greed of plutocrats, I think this blog, which I did not know before and am not vouching for overall, nails it.

The main argument is that capitalism was a bridge from feudalism to...feudalism.

I actually disagree on the final point about the end state being a return to feudalism. What we're looking at is a corporatist variety of capitalism.

All fascisms that reached power were corporatist--the plutocrats, oligarchs and corporations run the economy. @CarlG

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

I couldn't see a link of yours, however, I can pretty much concurr with ' conclusions in his book, , though I disagree with some of his historical analysis.

https://mastodon.social/@HistoPol/111949124362576334

@CarlG

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

"this blog, which I did not know before"

Which one, Philip?
I can't see a reference or link to it

@CarlG

philip_cardella,
@philip_cardella@historians.social avatar
HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

I'll take a look at this week. Cory's contributions are always worthwhile

@CarlG

philip_cardella,
@philip_cardella@historians.social avatar

@HistoPol @CarlG, I appreciate what I think the main arguments of the Defund the Police crowd are: take things away from the police that shouldn't be there like health and wellness checks, domestic disputes, traffic stops, nonviolent drug crimes, prostitution, etc and take the money spent on those things and give them to agencies trained to handle these needs.

We'd be better off with this.

Still, I agree, given the origins of American policing, slave society and colonialism, abolish them.

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

(1/n)

The thing is, and I think the dystopian novel, by exemplifies this better than anything, is that the veil of civilized society is so razor-thin, it wouldn't survive more than a vouple of days w/o a "policing" force, protecting the weaker citizens from bullies and looting, etc.

What I'm saying is, it would need to be a virtually instantaneous swap....

@CarlG

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella @CarlG

(2/n)

...And it would generate a huge pool of disgruntled policemen, possibly a new source of societal instability.

However, crime could be greatly reduced by simply removing the need for a huge part of the population: introducing and . People who have "everything" they (basically) need are very much less prone to commit crimes, as losing their freedom becomes a much greater fall in personal quality of life. Less...

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella @CarlG

(3/3)

...crime, less police 🚔, less power, less controls, less unnecessary searches, less costs for law enforcement and the judiciary, more money for ,...a virtuous circle.

Just to be dure: tons of studies on in different countries over decades have all shown that it works. It just would need to be implemented...and refinanced (, !)

//

philip_cardella,
@philip_cardella@historians.social avatar

@HistoPol one of the biggest issues with policing, and I'm gonna really piss people off here but it's where the facts take you, fire fighters, is their unions. Because they were fraternal organizations first, and racist AF from the start, and unchecked before the late 1960s on their racism and ideology, these unions need to be replaced altogether.

The entire command structure and organization of both entities are also affected, which, comes from colonial counter-insurgency, not safety @CarlG

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

I wasn't aware of this. However, 9/11 and all the (increasing) extreme-weather events show that they are indispensable.

During the last decade or so, I have come to the conclusion that labor/trade unions are indispensable to counter robber-baron capitalism/. Tge right to self-organize is a key element of any democracy. Even if I were a brnign dictator, I wouldn't know where even to start reforming them. 🤔

@CarlG

vfrmedia,
@vfrmedia@social.tchncs.de avatar

@HistoPol @philip_cardella @CarlG in Britain, where there are fewer cops to start with, they are more strictly regulated, only 5% have guns and even driving cars fast requires extra specialist training; we have same problem with police "union", a lot of officers are quitting because they think the constabulary is too "woke" (and they see others disciplined for bad behaviour)

Fire and Ambulance services are also struggling with effects of bullying and toxic masculinity (on top of budget cuts)

Lassielmr,
@Lassielmr@mastodon.scot avatar

@vfrmedia @HistoPol @philip_cardella @CarlG eh? Police Scotland retention levels are actually very high. Remember there is not one Police Force across Britain. And figures quoted by the SPF have consistent been proven to be lies.

vfrmedia,
@vfrmedia@social.tchncs.de avatar

@Lassielmr @HistoPol @philip_cardella @CarlG I've seen mixed messages about Police Scotland's morale and officer numbers (although as you say many are likely to be SPF's lies, and I was maybe also looking more at roads policing units there (having a special interest in road safety). It wouldn't surprise me officers in Police Scotland are happier than those in England; Scotland's govt does at least put resources into public services to a greater extent than England does these days..

philip_cardella,
@philip_cardella@historians.social avatar

@HistoPol
We absolutely need firefighters, first responders, etc. No one, other than a few anarchists (and many of these are likely paid trolls), wants no public safety entities.

But we need to break these things up and start over from their current forms.

I too have no idea what the end form would look like. I just know the current models are designed to dominate and control, not to serve and protect anything other than rich white men's money.

@CarlG

HistoPol, (edited )
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

(1/2)

I agree 💯 %.

"But we need to break these things up and start over from their current forms."

Short of a revolution, which historic examples can you give for this to work?

In order for this to work, all old-boy networks would need to be broken up.
I think even reassigning all police(wo)men in a city to other stations wouldn't break up the networks due to social media. And, usually, the (problematic) teamleaders would need to be...

@CarlG

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella @CarlG

(2/2)

...replaced. However, who is gonna train all these new officers and can communities foot the bill?

(With the decades overdue and , they could. 😏)

Hm, maybe a double teamlead, always "integrated" with at least one of them BIPoC/Hispanic and possibly man + woman etc., switching "comand" every week or so could be an idea...

//

philip_cardella,
@philip_cardella@historians.social avatar

@HistoPol so the police got a detective elected to state house. First or second active cop in history elected to a state house.

He immediately got a bill introduced creating the statewide LEOBOR to insulate cops from CRBs.

Maryland passed a similar bill at the same time. I need to explore more how they influenced each other (probably via police fraternal orga that were antecedent to their CBA units that started around then).

philip_cardella,
@philip_cardella@historians.social avatar

@HistoPol while Maryland got rid of their LEOBOR after George Floyd they did so because they had already entrenched it in their CBA contract. In fact, I found in FIU archives the labor union playbook that told unions to do exactly this because there was absolutely no way a court would allow their LEOBOR to persist. Except they did.

And Ron DeSantis just gutted all civil review boards this month while standing behind a support your police sign.

HistoPol, (edited )
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

(1/3)

Litigation is a huge issue in the . Penalties often are astronomical seen from an international perspective. Also, malfeasance by police officers including and l, IMO, seem to be much more frequent, maybe just more reported.

However, my bottom line is that
a) will never be overcome w/o abolishing |s. Police officers are nothing but citizens in uniform. They're no animals more...

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

(2/3)

...equal than others. And then there's

b) The are inexorably moving towards a , at least in the states that have , if you also factor in the by the various agencies.
You don't even need to keep in mind the playbook, the draft version of 's *( of 1933), to see that trend.

@GottaLaff wrote...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933

HistoPol,
@HistoPol@mastodon.social avatar

@philip_cardella

#LEOBR #Legal #USpol

(3/3)

...that they are moving abroad because of (the #Conservative takeover of) the #SupremeCourt. I'm at least as worried about this #PoliceState development.

//

paninid,
@paninid@mastodon.world avatar

@philip_cardella @HistoPol
Between Kent State in ‘70, ratification of the 25th Amendment during a flailing Vietnam, and a violent RNC convention in ‘72, I feel like the Nixon Administration was wilder than people born after then really understand.

philip_cardella,
@philip_cardella@historians.social avatar

I don't know what to do with my hands.

mrcompletely,
@mrcompletely@heads.social avatar

@philip_cardella 🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌

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