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Project Gutenberg, founded in 1971, is the oldest producer and distributor of free ebooks.

According to Michael Hart (March 8, 1947 – September 6, 2011), founder of Project Gutenberg, the mission of Project Gutenberg is simple: to encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks.
This mission is, as much as possible, to encourage all those who are interested in making eBooks and helping to give them away.

This profile is from a federated server and may be incomplete. Browse more on the original instance.

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Reading books is not just a pleasure: it helps our minds to heal

Through my own struggles and in teaching bibliotherapy to students, I know that books can help to heal minds and hearts. By Peter Leyland

https://psyche.co/ideas/reading-books-is-not-just-a-pleasure-it-helps-our-minds-to-heal via @psyche_the_mag

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Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is published in 1937.

The novella has been banned from various US public and school libraries or curricula for allegedly "promoting euthanasia", "condoning racial slurs", being "anti-business", containing profanity, and generally containing "vulgar," "offensive language," and containing racial stereotypes, as well as the negative impact of these stereotypes on students. Many of the bans and restrictions have been lifted. via @wikipedia

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Happy Birthday Sir Isaac Newton who was born today 381 years ago!

His pioneering book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, first published in 1687, consolidated many previous results and established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing infinitesimal calculus, though he developed calculus years before Leibniz.

Isaac Newton at PG:
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Title page of the first edition. PHILOSOPHIÆ NATURALIS PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA Autore Is. Newton, Trin. Coll. Cantab. Soc. Matheseos Professore Lucasiano, & Societatis Regalis Sodali. Londini, iussu Societatis Regiae ac typis Josephi Streater, IMPRIMATUR. S. PEPYS, Reg. Soc. PRÆSES. Julii 5. 1686. LONDINI. Prostat apud plures Bibliopolas. Anno MDCLXXXVII.

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What Is the Dominant Emotion in 400 Years of Women’s Diaries?

A new anthology identifies frustration as a recurring theme in journals written between 1599 and 2015. via @history

By Sarah Gristwood

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/what-is-the-dominant-emotion-in-400-years-of-womens-diaries-180983834/

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American astronomer Annie Jump Cannon died in 1941.

Cannon developed a system of stellar classification based on spectral characteristics, which became known as the Harvard Classification Scheme (she was one of the "Harvard Computers"). She classified hundreds of thousands of stars, organizing them by temperature and spectral characteristics. Her work laid the foundation for our understanding of stellar evolution and the composition of stars.

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The Women Who Mapped the Universe and Still Couldn’t Get Any Respect

At the beginning of the 20th century, a group of women known as the Harvard Observatory computers helped revolutionize the science of astronomy.

By Natasha Geiling. September 18, 2013 via @smithsonianmag

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-women-who-mapped-the-universe-and-still-couldnt-get-any-respect-9287444/

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French author, poet, and playwright Jules Verne was born #OTD in 1828.

His collaboration with the publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel led to the creation of the Voyages extraordinaires, a series of bestselling adventure novels including Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas (1870), and Around the World in Eighty Days (1872). via @wikipedia

Books by Jules Verne at PG:
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A Hetzel edition of Verne's The Adventures of Captain Hatteras (cover style "Aux deux éléphants")
An early edition of the notorious Griffith & Farran adaptation of Journey to the Center of the Earth
Cover of Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours, published by Hetzel, in red percale binding, with polychrome decoration and period engravings.

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English novelist Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley died #OTD in 1851. She is best known for writing the Gothic novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, which is considered an early example of science fiction. She edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley. Her historical novels include Valperga and Perkin Warbeck, the apocalyptic novel The Last Man and her final two novels, Lodore and Falkner. via @wikipedia

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Draft of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus ("It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld my man completed ...")

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Amelia Earhart, piloting a Lockheed Vega 5B, becomes the first woman to fly across the United States non-stop (from Los Angeles to Newark, New Jersey) in 1932.

During an attempt at becoming the first woman to complete a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island. via @wikipedia

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"Better be without sense, than misapply it as you do."

The novel Emma by Jane Austen is first published OTD in 1815. Emma was submitted to the London publisher John Murray II. He offered Austen £450 for this plus the copyrights of Mansfield Park and Sense and Sensibility, which she refused. Austen published two thousand copies of the novel at her own expense, retaining the copyright and paying a 10% commission to Murray.

Emma is available at PG:
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Margaret Cavendish English philosopher, poet, scientist, fiction writer and playwright died in 1673. Her utopian romance The Blazing World is one of the earliest examples of science fiction. She was unusual in her time for publishing extensively in natural philosophy and early modern science, producing over a dozen original works; with her revised works the total came to 21. via @wikipedia

Books by Margaret Cavendish at PG:
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Title page of Margaret Cavendish's The Description of a New World, Called The Blazing-World, 1666; rpt. 1668.

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"That one must do some work seriously and must be independent and not merely amuse oneself in life-this our mother has told us always, but never that science was the only career worth following."

Irène Joliot-Curie was born #OTD in 1897.

Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity. They are the only mother & daughter pair to win Nobel Prizes. via @wikipedia

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"J'Accuse...!" was published in 1898 in the newspaper L'Aurore by Émile Zola in response to the Dreyfus affair.

Zola addressed President of France Félix Faure and accused his government of antisemitism and the unlawful jailing of Alfred Dreyfus, a French Army General Staff officer who was sentenced to lifelong penal servitude for espionage.


1/

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The bookmobiles - Vintage photos of traveling libraries, 1910-1960

The bookmobile was a traveling library often used to provide books to villages and city suburbs that had no library buildings. It went from a simple horse-drawn cart in the 19th century to large customized vehicles that became part of American culture and reached its height of popularity in the mid-twentieth century. via @RareHPhotos

https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/bookmobiles-traveling-libraries-1910s-1960s/

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English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing Florence Nightingale was born in 1820.

Nightingale became famous for her work as a nurse during the Crimean War (1853–1856). Beyond her work in the Crimean War, Nightingale was a prolific writer and statistician. She used statistical methods to analyze and present data on healthcare and public health, making significant contributions to the field of medical statistics.

"Diagram of the causes of mortality in the army in the East" by Florence Nightingale. Example of polar area diagram by Florence Nightingale (1820–1910). This "Diagram of the causes of mortality in the army in the East" was published in Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army and sent to Queen Victoria in 1858. This graphic indicates the annual rate of mortality per 1,000 in each month that occurred from preventable diseases (in blue), those that were the results of wounds (in red), and those due to other causes (in black). The legend reads: The Areas of the blue, red, & black wedges are each measured from the centre as the common vertex. The blue wedges measured from the centre of the circle represent area for area the deaths from Preventable or Mitigable Zymotic diseases, the red wedges measured from the centre the deaths from wounds, & the black wedges measured from the centre the deaths from all other causes. The black line across the red triangle in Nov. 1854 marks the boundary of the deaths from all other causes during the month. In October 1854, & April 1855, the black area coincides with the red, in January & February 1856, the blue coincides with the black. The entire areas may be compared by following the blue, the red, & the black lines enclosing them.

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Find out why Project Gutenberg Open Audiobook Collection is one of TIME's 200 best inventions of 2023.

Project Gutenberg is the oldest digital library, started in 1971 to make e-books more accessible. But CEO Greg Newby says it “isn’t great at either creating or distributing.” So Microsoft and MIT teamed up to make the Open Audiobook Collection, using text-to-speech tech to turn 5,000 books into free, synthetically narrated audiobooks, now available on Spotify.

https://time.com/collection/best-inventions-2023/6324762/project-gutenberg-open-audiobook-collection/

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Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr walking outdoors.

Einstein liked inventing phrases such as "God does not play dice," "The Lord is subtle but not malicious." On one occasion Bohr answered, "Einstein, stop telling God what to do."

Photograph by Paul Ehrenfest, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Ehrenfest Collection.

Held by: Niels Bohr Library & Archives

Copyright Holder: American Institute of Physics

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Dorothy L. Sayers English crime novelist, playwright, translator and critic died in 1957. She wrote numerous mystery stories featuring the witty and charming Lord Peter Wimsey combined the attractions of scholarly erudition and cultural small talk with the puzzle of detection. In her later years she turned from detective fiction to writing theological plays and books. She made scholarly translations of Dante’s Inferno and Purgatorio.

Dorothy L. Sayers at PG:
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Cover of first edition Unnatural Death by Dorothy L. Sayers. The third Wimsey novel, published in 1927.

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"If I can stop one heart from breaking,
I shall not live in vain;
If I can ease one life the aching,
Or cool one pain,
Or help one fainting robin
Unto his nest again,
I shall not live in vain."
Life, p. 6 - Collected Poems (1993)

American lyric poet Emily Dickinson died in 1888. Although she wrote 1789 poems, only a few of them were published in her lifetime, all anonymously, and some perhaps without her knowledge.

Emily Dickinson at PG:
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Cover of the first edition of Poems, published in 1890

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“It is a capital mistake to theorise before one has data. Insensibly one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts.”

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, a collection of twelve short stories by British writer Arthur Conan Doyle, was first published in 1892. It contains the earliest short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes, which had been published in The Strand Magazine from July 1891 to June 1892.

Adventures at PG:
https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/1661

Sherlock Holmes in "The Man with the Twisted Lip", which appeared in The Strand Magazine in December, 1891. Original caption was "THE PIPE WAS STILL BETWEEN HIS LIPS."

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American mathematician and aerospace engineer Mary Jackson died in 2005.

In 1951 she started working at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), where she was a member of its West Area Computing unit and Jackson’s supervisor was Dorothy Vaughan. Despite early promotions, she was denied management-level positions, and in 1979 she left engineering and took a demotion to become manager of the women’s program at NASA.

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Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius was born #OTD in 1859. He was famous for showing how dissolved salts separate into charged particles ("ions"). In developing a theory to explain the ice ages, Arrhenius, in 1896, was the first to use basic principles of physical chemistry to calculate estimates of the extent to which increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide will increase Earth's surface temperature through the greenhouse effect.

Svante Arrhenius at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/49834

#books #chemistry

This 1902 article attributes to Arrhenius a theory that coal combustion could cause a degree of global warming eventually leading to human extinction. 1902 Newspaper article (The Selma Morning Times, Selma, Alabama, US; October 15, 1902) describing a theory of Svante Arrhenius that coal combustion may cause catastrophic global warming. Source: (October 15, 1902). "Hint to Coal Consumers".

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Florence Nightingale died in 1910.

She was an English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing. Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War, in which she organised care for wounded soldiers at Constantinople. She significantly reduced death rates by improving hygiene and living standards. via @wikipedia

Books by Florence Nightingale at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/4370

Title page of Subsidiary Notes as to the Introduction of Female Nursing into Military which is available at PG: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52877

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Hans Geiger died in 1945.

He is best known as the co-inventor of the detector component of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger–Marsden experiment which discovered the atomic nucleus. He was the brother of meteorologist and climatologist Rudolf Geiger. via @wikipedia

A photograph of a replica of the apparatus used in the Geiger-Marsden experiment. A section of the chamber wall has been removed to expose the innards.

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Happy #InternationalWomensDay2024!

Some of the most eminent scientific women. Top row, lefth to right: Émilie du Châtelet, Ada Lovelace, Maria Mitchell, Elisabetha Koopman Hevelius, Laura Bassi, Marie Curie. Bottow row, left to right: Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Rosalind Franklin, Hedy Lamarr, Jane Goodall, Katherine Johnson, Lise Meitner.

Images via Wikipedia Commons under public domain.

#books #science #physics #chemistry #biology

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