Not to nitpick but to me the title of this post is implying that XXY individuals are born female. Generally they’re born male.
What the comment is referring to is likely Swyer Syndrome, where the individual has an XY configuration but a dysfunctional gene in the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome. This means the embryo develops female anatomy and the resulting children tend to identify female, but they lack functional gonadal tissue. It’s estimated to occur at a rate of about 1 in a 100,000 females.
By the by, treatment for these individuals usually involves removing the dysfunctional gonadal tissue as it often becomes cancerous (which often gets misunderstood as “gender reassignment surgery”) and supplemental hormone replacement therapy. They would be affected too by any bans on hormone administration to kids often connected with trans people. One of the reasons why blanket bans should be a no-go regardless of how you feel about any other trans issue.
I think we can safely say that is nitpicking, but it’s informative and correct so I’m all for it!
From my biology lessons 20 years ago, I thought I was taught that it was the presence of a second X chromosome that made a person genetically female, but I could definitely be misremembering. Either way, XXY individuals are usually born male, and Dr Genetics Federation was likely talking about sawyer syndrome (or so google tells me). Thanks for the correction!
Not in humans, no! While in some animals sex determination is purely about X dosage (Drosophila), in humans the Y chromosome is actually sex-determining. In females the second X chromosome actually gets inactivated as a means of gene dosage compensation.
There’s also androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) in which the person develops female characteristics. In some cases they carry a child to term with embryo transfer.
Part of the issue with removing the nuts (gonadal tissue?) Is that these people have major issues with bone density and other sex hormone related problems whereas the risk of cancer is similar to any male getting testicular cancer.
They aren’t given a choice because the surgery happens at a young age, yet they have to bear the medical consequences.
So disclaimer here, I’m only savvy on the molecular bio and can’t speak as much to the actual healthcare side of things, but the actual diagnosis is a little more complex than what I’ve written here. Sometimes streak gonads (gonadal tissue which failed to become fully functional ovaries or testes) will still contain some testis or ovarian tissue which will produce hormones. Just depends on the severity of the gonadal dysgenesis.
But as you’ve written it here is seems NPR is implying the surgery itself causes bone density issues? Those issues arise due to an absence of sex hormones, which would still be a problem in complete gonadal dysgenesis. This is why treatment is usually paired with hormone therapy as well as surgery.
I can’t speak to the relative risks of either, though. As with any surgery and treatment, it’s a medical decision with a lot of factors.
This is also outside of my area of expertise, but I am guessing the NPR interview is this one from Fresh Air:
Weigel, who identifies as she/they, was born with androgen insensitivity syndrome — a condition in which a person has both X and Y chromosomes, but does not respond to male hormones. Though Weigel presented as female at birth, tests revealed that she lacked a uterus and ovaries, and that she had internal testes.
Citing the risk of testicular cancer, Weigel’s doctors convinced her parents to have her testes surgically removed, but Weigel now says the cancer risk was overstated — and that the removal of her testes as an infant led to complications later in life.
“By removing my testes, they basically put my body into artificial hormone withdrawal and didn’t give me new hormones until a certain age when they decided it was time to induce puberty on my body,” she says. “Puberty that would have happened naturally on its own had they left my body intact.”
While it is often recommended that women with CAIS eventually undergo gonadectomy to mitigate cancer risk, there are differing opinions regarding the necessity and timing of gonadectomy. The risk of malignant germ cell tumors in women with CAIS increases with age and has been estimated to be 3.6% at 25 years and 33% at 50 years. However, only three cases of malignant germ cell tumors in prepubescent girls with CAIS have been reported in the last 100 years. The youngest of these girls was 14 years old. If gonadectomy is performed early, then puberty must be artificially induced using gradually increasing doses of estrogen. If gonadectomy is performed late, then puberty will occur on its own, due to the aromatization of testosterone into estrogen.
So the argument, I think, is that the risk of cancer is very low before puberty, and people with CAIS should be involved in the decisions - since it may be pretty safe to allow puberty to happen prior to gonadal removal, at the least, which would obviate the need for surgery as a very young child and hormone replacement as an adolescent (a non trivial burden for a young person).
Ohhh, I see my confusion now. My original comment was about Swyer syndrome, not CAIS. CAIS and Swyer Syndrome are very similar in concept but have a lot of important differences, especially in gonadal development. Usually in CAIS the testes will develop which can produce sex hormones, while Swyer syndrome leads to streak gonads which are generally functionless. Seems like there’s quite a debate about the timing of gonadectomy in CAIS indeed.
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a difference in sex development involving hormonal resistance due to androgen receptor dysfunction.
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is an AIS condition that results in the complete inability of the cell to respond to androgens.
The unresponsiveness of the cell to the presence of androgenic hormones prevents the masculinization of male genitalia in the developing fetus, as well as the development of male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty, but does allow female genital and sexual development in those with the condition.
Individuals affected by CAIS develop a normal external female habitus, despite the presence of a Y chromosome, but internally, they will lack a uterus, and the vaginal cavity will be shallow, while the gonads, having been turned into testicles rather than ovaries in the earlier separate process also triggered by their Y chromosome, will remain undescended in the place where the ovaries would have been.
Most individuals with CAIS are raised as females.They are born phenotypically female and are usually heterosexual with a female gender identity; however, at least two case studies have reported male gender identity in individuals with CAIS.
Yes. Though I’d point out that HRT covers a much broader range of pathologies than what the current media landscape covers.
As far as I understand, in the original etymology, “replacement” in HRT referred to the fact that the hormone source is coming externally to buoy up a diminished supply in the body. It’s not (necessarily) referring to “displacement” of a hormone that’s already there. More like this usage: when you run out of milk, you go to the store to replace it.
Technically menopausal hormone therapy is HRT, for example. Testosterone replacement in males with low circulating levels is another. Nowadays the usage is definitely shifting, though, and clearly it has a different colloquial meaning.
See, if reddit had just let the upvote/downvote system work as intended, instead of banning people for no reason at all in a lot of cases, this entire problem likely would have been avoided. And no matter what the bans should have never been permanent! We dont put people in prison FOREVER, social media accounts should also be treated with some decency.
A lot of this is because the prevalent attitude has been 'it's the internet, it doesn't matter', and that allowed people to do things that we, as a society, decided long ago that people weren't supposed to do.
And then to add that if you create a new account to get around a subreddit ban then that makes you eligible for a sitewide ban is even more ridiculous.
I got permabanned from r/pics a while back because under a generic Facebook photo of an interracial couple at their wedding somebody asked why it was posted there and I responded “Reddit loves interracial couples”. That was it. The irony is that my marriage is interracial.
I mean... Damn...even if I was a crazy strict conservative mod I couldn't imagine busting your balls on that .. I'd hassle you maybe about the generalizations of what Reddit loves at most
“Eureka” comes from the Ancient Greek word εὕρηκα heúrēka, meaning “I have found (it)”, which is the first person singular perfect indicative active of the verb εὑρίσκω heurískō “I find”. It is closely related to heuristic, which refers to experience-based techniques for problem-solving, learning, and discovery.
I’ve always felt self conscious about making a comic because I suck at drawing, but yeah if someone can happily produce and release that, I think I might be right.
It’s mostly the technically adept people here, we’re naturally more aware of security/privacy issues present in tech spaces and are angry that the masses are so oblivious or uncaring of the problem. Especially when that problem keeps ruining our online spaces or putting us at real world risk by letting apps use their cameras/mics/locations all the god damn time
True. Not everyone agrees. Since I’m just me, I can only speak for myself.
With this in mind, I would like to hear reasons why you or others don’t agree. I ask in good faith.
Having an opinion is as natural as being human. I see the world through my eyes, think about in my brain, color it by my life experiences. So there’s always the possibility that I might be missing something important. Perhaps you were persuaded by some strong and much valid point or points.
If that’s the case, and if you’re willing, can you please share why you disagree?
To start with, I don’t think privacy is that important. I think that most open source end-products aren’t good and they are only made better when money gets involved.
To start with, I don’t think privacy is that important.
It makes more sense when we start talking about privacy in concrete forms. It's about not giving any entity more information than it really needs in order to perform the service they claim to provide. For example, imagine how much better credit cards would be if the number was randomly generated, only valid for a single purchase and only the credit card company knew your name and address. Credit card scams would mostly be dead in the water and card readers would be rendered useless.
It’s not like it doesn’t make sense though. It makes sense that a credit card works the way it does because real-time authorization isn’t always available, and because there is a lot of legacy/backwards compatibility going on. If you wanted to “fix” credit cards you would get rid of them completely and switch to an identity service that allowed you to “federate” your identity with a lender’s service.
It sounds great, but in practice getting all of the ancillary parts working with each other is tough. Look how long Apple Pay (one of the better implementations of a better credit card) has been around and there are still a lot of places that don’t accept it.
Thinking about privacy as a 1:1 exchange with a service is already thinking two steps behind. Services have been using your info to create targeted ads since the beginning of capitalism. It really stepped up their game when computers and databases got involved, and as the internet became more prolific it got even more precise.
We’re at a point where your info isn’t even being used to target you. It’s valuable on its own.
And that’s the trade. You trade something of value to a service so that you can use their service.
Privacy is not important because we lost control of it a long time ago. It will take an act of Congress (in the US) to make it better, and there’s so much money involved that no one wants to tackle it head on.
Privacy is always a trade off. You have to find a sweet spot that fits your convenience and willingness to share.
A good example is home automation. I can get a camera from someone like Nest and it’s cheap, feature packed and simple to use. But it’s going to harvest all your data and videos.
Instead I could go with Logitech and Apple. Now the price is 4x higher but the videos only exist on my Apple cloud. This is more secure but still could have security concerns, and increased costs and effort.
Lastly I could go with something like ubiquity. Another drastic increase in cost, with less features for remote access. But you host your videos locally and are in complete control. This option is by far the most complex to set up as well.
None of these are inherently bad if you understand the trade off. I am accomplished in tech and I choose the middle option because it best fit my lifestyle even though I could have went with the last option.
Asshole about open source anti big tech here. Point taken. You can choose your communities you see on your home feed. Seriously, use the block user feature too. Block me if you want. It is not personal. I have a half dozen people blocked just because they have been negative and I don’t want to see it any more. With around 150k people here rn the total communities are still developing. There are several I miss but don’t want to mod or churn content by myself to get started. This is still mostly unsettled early adopters. Everyone here is going through the same series of breakup withdraw emotions, and everyone is a weird asshole user to someone. Most of us mean well. You are able to steer the conversation too. Post, and help making the conversation you want to participate in.
Very sound advice. It’s nice to know that you’re not the only one going through reddit withdrawals. But despite that, I’m determined to never come back.
Also the comments are kind of weird at times, like they type of person here doesn’t quite seem as ‘normal’ as what I’m used to from reddit.
The “normal” top comments on Reddit aren’t normal to people in real life and the typical puns, lame dead jokes and other “Redditisms” were grating a decade ago, let alone these days. I’m ok with Lemmy or other similar services being different and hopefully having a different culture more akin to forums than the circle jerk dipshit fest that Reddit always had.
If you miss Leddit, go back. Nobody’s forcing you to be here and nobody in the real world actually cares if you use Reddit or not. If it makes you happy, do what makes you happy.
If the embryo was tested, they would know the sex before transferring it to the surrogate uterus (easily avoiding the problem). IVF is insanely expensive, as are surrogates. (Surrogates go for $50k plus per pregnancy)
Whoever did this comic is so willfully (and woefully) ignorant on so many levels that I wonder how they’re able to function at all
Yeah, and the cost is dependant upon location. Surrogates tend to be women who have easy (or easier) pregnancies, who want to help other people in need.
I’m not saying that desperation or exploitation don’t happen, just that generally surrogates are people who are doing it out of love for other people (not for the money)
Here’s the list of countries JUST IN EUROPE where it’s illegal: Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden, Netherlands, and the UK.
Answer the question. While being ignorant, in a thread that started by accusing people of being ignorant, would you ask others to back something up when the information is readily available?
I never accused anyone of ignorance, and ignorance of niche topics is not a bad thing whatsoever. The solution to ignorance is inquisition and knowledge development, which I displayed. You’re projecting a lot of insecurity and needless hostility, quit being a dick.
You realize that 1. Burden of proof is on the one making the claim, and 2. If someone asks the question it doesn’t mean they were the one to downvote you?
You really shouldn’t let them get to you so much. People ask questions.
Not sure about IVF, but in some countries with a high rate of female foeticide, pre-birth sex determination is illegal; although it is still practiced.
India, China, South Korea, Nepal, and Vietnam. These are countries that have the tradition where the male heir(s) provide of their parent’s retirement and the female hair(s) get married off and don’t have a financial expectation to their parents.
If it makes you feel better, it’s usually more. There are a lot of factors, including how much the surogacy agency gets for their cut, which state or country, if they are a family member or friend, whether the parents are able to add a surrogate on their insurance, etc.
We looked into it because I’m older and thus higher risk, but ultimately decided against it. My neice even offered to carry our kid, but I just feel too guilty. I’m kind of whatever on having children but my husband has dreamed of being a dad since he was a lil’ boy
That’s just the cash payment. All of the medical stuff is paid for, usually further amenities so the surrogate maintains low stress and such for the health of the baby.
Giving birth can stop you from working for a few months. Given this, if you’re working as a surrogate you may have to give up important career opportunities. 50k is a pretty low price on that missed work.
Conservatives usually are. It’s the only way to explain their callous indifference to human suffering or their obsession with everyone else’s genitalia.
trailblazers are always ‘weird’. Open source and privacy people BUILD all this software for everyone. As soon as millions of people rush in, you won’t even notice the weirdos anymore
No one's shitting on you for pointing it out mate. See anyone calling the original commenter of this chain a dick for pointing it out? No? Because that's not the issue. People are shitting on you for being a cunt.
I read your comments hence my reply. Now how about you take your own advice and read mine eh? I wasn't arguing against anything. I was telling you you're a right cunt. Clear enough for you mate? Now move on.
Gonna throw another tantrum? Have at it. That's all I've seen you do mate. You can keep flinging shit here since you're so full of it. I, however, will be signing off so might as well save your tears for another thread. Peace
Who’s really “being a shit” here? I see nobody else being hostile but you. Accusing people of that which you are doing yourself is called “projection”.
Nobody else is pedantically picking apart silly things like wording and terminology and then lashing out at others. Just you. We all knew what he meant. Were you ever told as a kid to “pick your battles”? Do you know what that means? Not everything deserves a response.
What’s the matter, did you wake up on the wrong side of the bed this morning and decide to take it out on the world? Significant other break up with you or cheat on you? Got fired? Did your pet die? Why are you so angry at the world? What did it ever do to you? None of those things (whichever is applicable) is our problem.
Please, let’s leave those kinds of toxic, hostile behaviors on the dead bird site and reddit where they belong. We’re trying to build something new here.
Otherwise, “play stupid games, win stupid prizes” and people are just going to report you for repeated incivility and offensive language.
EDIT: And your reply has been reported too. Since all you know is how to behave like a child, maybe we should all treat you like one.
Quotes are often used around a word when it's similar enough to another word to be understood.
Paywalled means you must have an account and pay in order to view an article.
There is no equivalent word that comes to mind for this, but "paywalled" is so close as to be misunderstood only if you're trying to do so -- you must now have an account and login in order to view what's behind the login wall.
OP could mean whenever they want. Most people understood what OP meant. I was just making a point that data is often an overlooked currency.
Also aren't you being pedant by explaining OP didn't use the correct vernacular?
Says the user who started this whole thing because they needed to feel heard.
Language is fluid, interchangeable, context driven, and not everyone feels as passionately as you about misused words (because language is fluid and interchangeable). So if you want to start an argument over trivial issues then expect people to be "insufferable".
Random
Top