Be careful with your concept of physically versus psychologically addicted, it’s not really a 100% seperatable dichotomy like that. Your brain is your brain after all, whether you decide to call something physical or psychological it’s all happening inside the brain. I think because cannabis doesn’t tend to have severe withdrawal effects (like alcohol withdrawal, which can kill you) people assume that means they’re not dependent or that it doesn’t have direct effects on the reward processing centers in the brain to reinforce its use again in the future. That’s what distinguishes addictive drugs from things that are just generally pleasant so we want to do them again, they have a direct chemical interaction with the neural circuits that are supposed to be helping decide if a behavior should be done again or not. Kind of tipping the scales in their favor, making you want to do something again more so than just the pleasentness of the past experience alone would otherwise do. You’re going to have an easier time quitting carrots than you will cannabis, even if you find them both equally pleasant in the moment.
Don’t get me wrong though, cannabis is waaaay less addictive than things like nicotine or alcohol, and has far less harmful effects than those. I think there is a tendency (especially with things like DARE lying about drug dangers when people were younger) to over correct and say things like it’s a miracle drug that’s non addicting and can never harm you and can fix everything wrong in your life! I’m for recreational cannabis legalization, but people should understand it’s actual risks, even though they are much less than other recreational drugs.
The cumulative probability estimate of transition to dependence was 67.5% for nicotine users, 22.7% for alcohol users, 20.9% for cocaine users, and 8.9% for cannabis users. Half of the cases of dependence on nicotine, alcohol, cannabis and cocaine were observed approximately 27, 13, 5 and 4 years after use onset, respectively.
Cannabis-derived psychoactive compounds such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic cannabinoids directly interact with the reward system and thereby have addictive properties. Cannabinoids induce their reinforcing properties by an increase in tonic dopamine levels through a cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor–dependent mechanism within the ventral tegmental area. Cues that are conditioned to cannabis smoking can induce drug-seeking responses (ie, craving) by eliciting phasic dopamine events.
I really need to automate this somehow, but my latest estimate is 3.13 million active users of Flathub!
This is a number of updates delivered to a popular dependency, org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default//23.08, between the 23.08.14 and 23.08.15 releases. This was less than a month window (March 18 through April 9).
Pretty impressive stuff!
Edit: updated, more realistic stats based on @alatiera; thanks!
@thenexusofprivacy it's pretty janky lol. i just write either [#fn-uniqueidimadeup] or [#ref-uniqueidimadeup] in-text depending on whether it's a footnote or a reference, and then i put an accompanying [fn/ref-uniqueidimadeup] at the bottom of the page with the footnote/reference content.
then when i'm about ready to publish, i run a little script to go through and grabs the rich-text, changes it to a HTML card, inserts the footnote, and numbers everything for me.
First trip with an “AirFly.” Absolutely fantastic. Using my AirPods to watch the movie on the plane. (And abusing the power with the Anker power strip) https://amzn.to/49ed3W3#ref
Eigentlich wäre dazu ein Brennpunkt mehr als angebracht, weil es ganz Europa in seiner Existenz erschüttern könnte und ggf. zu einer Massenflucht führen wird.
Aber ist ja nur "Wetter" und außerdem müsste man dann ja darüber reden, was man in kürzester Zeit fundamental verändern muss, was "das Volk" oder "die Wirtschaft" aber gar nicht gerne hört. Außerdem ist die Marktwirtschaft ja stärker als so eine Blitz-Eiszeit. Kapitalgetriebene Innovation wird es schon richten.
There are 16 days left on the #Cybersecurity 2024 eBook bundle from Packt Publishing and Humble Bundle. Pay $18 or more for 23 titles. Pay less for 7 or 3 books.
I’m using this Anker Charger now for everything, full time. Charges my Surface Laptop Studio 2 at 100W, my iPhone, my Switch, my Steamdeck, and more. One charger for my whole bag. (Use good cables) https://amzn.to/3scYDVN#ref USB-C for the win
Amazing Anker charger I’ve used all week while traveling in Europe. It’s charged my surface via USB-C and all my devices, plus has two pop-up US power sockets. Between this and my wireless apple pad that’s it for the trip. 20% off coupon: http://amzn.to/3ZkSqCI#ref
Quite the profile of #UK academics and the educational system. I don't know how much of it is true, and how much is left out, but it all comes across as a fair match to what I am seeing on the ground.
I forbindelse med kommentarerne om personligt ansvar faldt jeg ned i et kaninhul, og besluttede mig for at estimere mit personlige CO2e-aftryk.
Den eneste tydelige konklusion er at det er en umulig opgave at måle det. Der er rigtig mange ting man ikke kan finde tal på, og pålideligheden af kilderne er ofte tvivlsomme.
Jeg har et ret lille forbrug da jeg ikke har en bil, jeg sjældent tager på rejser, og køber meget lidt nyt ind. Eksempelvis er min computer 9 år gammel, og de høretelefoner jeg har på hovedet fik jeg gratis for 6 år siden, hvor de allerede var ved at falde fra hinanden. Men derudover er der også en del ting jeg har ikke har formået at regne med, se blot listen længere ned i opslaget.
Her er nogle af de ting jeg ikke kunne finde tal til at estimere:
Husholdning (affaldsposer, bagepapir)
Boligudstyr (møbler, køkken- og haveredskaber)
Andel af kollektivt forbrug (infrastruktur, sundhedsvæsen, folketingssalen)
Der er sikkert en masse ting jeg stadig har glemt, eksempelvis burde det være muligt at finde tal på hårde hvidevare.
Ifølge min kilde for udledningen på mad (Den store klimadatabase) skulle både emballage og transport være medregnet, men inkludere det eksempelvis også kølediskenes strøm i butikkerne og mad der bliver smidt ud fordi det er for gammelt? I forvejen blev jeg nødt til at gange resultatet med 1.5 før udledningen fra mit madforbrug var sammenlignelige med andre kilder, hvilket nok også siger noget om kvaliteten af mit estimat.
Internettet
Den største udfordring har været internettet (datacentre og netværksinfrastruktur). Ifølge mine første beregninger, hvor jeg brugte de første Google-resultater som kilde (Carboon Footprint of the Internet, 8 Billion Trees), skulle det angiveligt være næsten en fjerdedel af mit aftryk. Her er det vigtigt at påpege at jeg har ganget gennemsnittet med tre for at nå frem til mit forbrug, da jeg er internet power user (aka. basement dweller).
Det resultat var jeg skeptisk over, så i forsøg på at finde den bagvedliggende kilde nåede jeg frem til en metaanalyse (The real climate and transformative impact of ICT), hvor det tydede på at tallet i høj grad bestod af user devices og TVer, som allerede er medregnet i mit forbrug (el og elektronik).
I sidste ende brugte jeg Malmodin & Lundén, 2018 og indregnede kun tallene for datacentre og netværk. Det resulterede i at aftrykket faldt fra 981 kg/år til 231 kg/år
An interesting data-led evaluation of the UK's Research Excellence Framework (REF) summarised in the LSE blog today. The #academy seems to know it's a poor system but is paralysed from lobbying meaningfully for an alternative.
"Our results support concerns that the REF may have enhanced the concentration of research output in elite #universities [...] The rest of have either been unaffected or negatively affected by the REF"
Daily marijuana use outpaces daily drinking in the US, a new study says (apnews.com)
Klimarådet: Danmark er meget længere væk fra klimamål, end regeringen siger (www.dr.dk) Danish