ByrdNick

ByrdNick, 16 days ago to psychology

We know that the task demands of cognitive tests most scores: if one version of a problem requires more work (e.g., gratuitously verbose or unclear wording, open response rather than multiple choice), people will perform worse.

Now we have observed as much in Large Language Models: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.02418

The tests included analogical reasoning, reflective reasoning, word prediction, and grammaticality judgments.

#cogSci #psychometrics #assessment #edu #psychology #AI #LLM #genAI

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ByrdNick, 18 days ago to Medicine

Will physicians better categorize X-ray and ECG images if given more time per image?

Medical residents and staff viewed 50-100 images for 175 milliseconds to 20 seconds.

Neither viewing time nor experience seemed to be strong predictors of true positive and false positive categorizations.

Authors admit, "All viewing times in both studies were likely too brief to represent clinical practice."

https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.15380

#decisionScience #medicine #vision #epistemology #expertise #risk #stats

ByrdNick, 1 month ago to TodayILearned

Do students learn better if instructors share slides?

An experiment gave students no access, partial access, or full access to instructor’s slides. Access didn’t significantly help.

When controlling for other factors, “bringing slides to class negatively impacted …exam performance” in two of three units (R < -.2). It never helped.

And “using slides to study” never helped (above and beyond other factors).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.02.002

#edu #teaching #higherEd #psychology #science #policy

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ByrdNick, 1 month ago to conservative

Should #classicalEducation appeal to politically #conservative people who are paranoid about #wokeism?

Does “#Western” thought heroize only White, male #Christians?

This longish piece in the #NewYorker sketches the history of #classical #ducation, its #progressive proponents (like #JohnDewey), its recent proponents on the right (like #RonDesantis), and more.

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/03/18/have-the-liberal-arts-gone-conservative

#edu #history #philosophy #logic #religion #politics #USA

ByrdNick, 2 months ago to philosophy

Are #philosophy students’ intuitions about thought experiments different because of expertise?

Longitudinal studies of philosophy and #CogSci students (N = 226) didn't seem to reveal as much: there were some group differences in intuitions, but a selection/indoctrination effect seemed more likely than “a general expertise” or “expertise specific to particular subfields”.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04316-x

#xPhi #expertise #teaching #edu #decisionMaking #ethics #epistemology #language #PhilMind

Pages 11 and 14 showing more sample information and a self-replicated result: philosophy students preferred philosophers' orthodox response to thought experiments about accidentally true belief (a.k.a., Gettier cases).
Pages 17 and 18 showing small or unreliable difference in intuitions about other cases between philosophy and cog. sci. cases.
Pages 38 and 39 showing small differences in confidence between philosophy and cog. sci. students (with lower confidence from the former). Page 39 shows no differences in judgments among students who continued in the study compared to those who dropped out.

ByrdNick, 3 months ago to Logic

If mapping arguments improves critical thinking, then argument mapping skills should correlate with critical thinking skills, right?

Alas, they didn't correlate among 115 Advanced Placement students across 4 high schools who mapped arguments for universal basic income (from a Douglas Murray article).

proquest.com/docview/2915819770/abstract/336A7C32595F4464PQ/1

#Logic #CriticalThinking #ArgumentMapping #Teaching #HighSchool #edu #Psychology #Philosophy #Politics #Economics #Debate

Pages 18 and 19 explaining the critical thinking test and assigned reading by Douglas Murray.
An example of a student's scored argument map (Figure 5a).
Pages 46 and 47 showing correlations between critical thinking test scores and each argument mapping score.

ByrdNick, 3 months ago to Geology

Question for #geology and #science nerds,

Is there a way to find out how deep the #waterTable is on a given day in a given location?

For example, #weather apps/sites usually report the day's #precipitation accumulation and #forecast the next day's precipitation amount for each locale — and in a way that almost anyone can understand.

Is there an app or website for ordinary people to get that much time- and spatial- resolution on #groundwater levels in their area?

#GeologicalSurvey #BigData

ByrdNick, 3 months ago to Economics

Can images make a debunking argument more effective?

A slideshow reduced initial agreement with a misconception (about rent control) compared to text-only stimuli (n > 1000).

Regardless of imagery, however, higher reflection test performance predicted abandoning the misconception among participants who initially held it.

Did images help people think more reflectively or did the images reduce the need to think more reflectively? 🤷‍♂️

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-023-09817-7

#economics #cogSci #graphicDesign

Some slides from the "refutation video", which can be found in the paper's Appendix.
Section 4.2 and Table 3 showing the difference in belief change by condition and in correlation with cognitive reflection test performance.
Table 4 and subsequent text explaining how "being more analytical does predict the ability to revise the misconception".

ByrdNick, 4 months ago to accessibility

#APA friends,

Help me diagnose an #accessibility issue with APA's PsycNET by voting on one or both of these polls (where the APA can see the results):

https://twitter.com/byrd_nick/status/1742944941163057358

https://www.threads.net/@byrd.nick/post/C1r3t3suRml

Context: APA's PsycNET is chronically inaccessible to me. To diagnose this, I need to figure out the scope of the problem. (Want more context? See my replies to either one of the polls.)

Thanks to anyone who helps me with this!

#psychology #academia #research #openScience #metaScience

ByrdNick, 4 months ago to religion

Losing one’s #religion predicted worse relationships with one’s parents over time across three waves of the National Study of Youth and Religion (N = 2,352).

The paper is #OpenAccess (free to read): https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12876

#psychology #family #atheism

ByrdNick, 5 months ago to fediverse

One reason I still get more from #Mastadon than its alternatives:

Its norms incentivize us to be better.

Example: these authors added #AltText to all the figures in their book after the #fediverse exposed them to the rationale.

https://mastodon.social/@deevybee/111550778047029733

Other social networks tend to bring out the worst in me: laziness, negativity, etc.

1. Is it just me or do you want to move more of your online life to federated networks?

2. How else do you benefit from federated systems?

#ActivityPub #W3C

ByrdNick, 5 months ago to psychology

Openness about data exclusions is essential.

I usually recommend rejection when authors of a manuscript decline to
(a) report full and final sample sizes
(b) link to full dataset
(c) list reproducible exclusion criteria
(d) report the results with and without exclusions.

Why? So readers know whether the reported results depend on exclusions and/or massively reverse in excluded data.👇

http://steamtraen.blogspot.com/2023/11/attack-of-50-foot-research-assistants.html

#openScience #psychology #business #PhilSci #ethics #publishing #editing #peerReview

ByrdNick, 6 months ago to Neuroscience

Great news!

🧠 Brains is now on Mastodon!

URL: fediscience.org/@Brains

Handle: @Brains

Since 2005, the Brains blog has been a leading forum for philosophy and science of mind: philosophyofbrains.com

A decade later we added a YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@PhilosophyOfBrains

Our roundtable discussions, book symposia, debates, featured scholars, and other content reaches 1000s of people each week.

Join us!

#neuroscience @neuromatch #cogSci #decisionScience #psychology #Philosophy #PhilMind #PhilSci

briannosek, 7 months ago to random

An important model posits two routes to persuasion. A peripheral route relies on superficial cues of credibility; a central route involves depth consideration of the reasons and evidence.

The Gino arguments seem to bank on readers sticking with the peripheral route.

https://www.francesca-v-harvard.org/data-colada-post-1

ByrdNick, 7 months ago to psychology

Is self-reported reflective reasoning a good predictor of reflection test performance?

Another paper suggests the answer is no.

The average correlation between the Need For Cognition scale and various reflection tests was small: r ≅0.18, p < 0.001.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290177

#psychology #personality #decisionScience #statistics

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ByrdNick, 7 months ago to Neuroscience

Interested in today’s one-page, 100+ signatory letter arguing that Integrated Information Theory of #Consciousness is “pseudoscience”?

Then you’re probably interested in the 4-part series we had about #IIT on the Brains blog earlier this week: https://philosophyofbrains.com/2023/09/10/this-week-jonathan-birch-and-hedda-hassel-morch-on-the-science-of-consciousness.aspx

#neuroscience #cogSci #philSci #epistemology

ByrdNick, 8 months ago to random

How do we know what participants thought when we presented our stimuli?

#ProcessTracing can reveal what people saw (e.g., eye-tracking), consciously thought (e.g., concurrent think-aloud), etc.

Combining those two methods revealed:
(1) thinking aloud didn't impact gaze or word count
(2) retrospective think-aloud left out thoughts that were mentioned concurrently
(3) retrospective think-aloud introduced thoughts unmentioned concurrently

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14956-1_5

#PsychMethods #CogSci #xPhi

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ByrdNick, 8 months ago to jdm

Were base rate fallacies more or less likely when people were reading in a foreign language?

Not among a couple hundred European Portuguese bilinguals, regardless of whether the emotional salience of the lure was exaggerated.

Master’s thesis: https://hdl.handle.net/1822/86018

#JDM #logic #probability #decisionScience #language #ESL #replication

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ByrdNick, 9 months ago to psychology

Does #curiosity refer to just one thing?

There seem to be two (related) notions:

Curiosity1: goal-directed information seeking — e.g., following a string of citations to find the source of a particular claim.

Curiosity2: exploratory information seeking — e.g., watching whatever explainer video is recommended next, even if it’s about a different question or topic.

Metcalfe & Jacobs: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003009351-6

#Psychology #PhilMind #PhilSci #Measurement #Psychometrics

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ByrdNick, 9 months ago to internet

😳 “most misinformation ...exists within [a] homogeneously conservative corner [of Facebook], which has no equivalent on the liberal side.”

🤔 My daily posts for the rest of this week suggest that social media algorithms have little impact on polarization, news discernment, trust in news, and similar outcomes. So this result may tell us more about how we use social media than how social media impacts us.

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ade7138

#socialMedia #UX #epistemology #psychology #politics #civics

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ByrdNick, 9 months ago to Logic

Can the civic and rational benefits of discussion and argument mapping be combined?

Platforms like BCause and Kialo attempt to find out.

Here's a recent conference paper about the former: https://aclanthology.org/2023.sicon-1.5

#CriticalThinking #CogSci #Rationality #DecisionScience #xPhi #Logic #polarization

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DailyNous, 9 months ago to random

“Argument mapping is about twice as effective at improving student critical thinking as other methods [but] there are obstacles preventing philosophy teachers from adopting it.” A new app helps. https://dailynous.com/2023/07/28/an-accessible-and-user-friendly-argument-mapping-app-guest-post/